Real Property Gains Tax (RPGT) In Malaysia, And Why It's So Important!

PropertyGuru Editorial Team
Real Property Gains Tax (RPGT) In Malaysia, And Why It's So Important!

What Is Real Property Gains Tax (RPGT)?

In Malaysia, Real Property Gains Tax (RPGT) is one of the most important property-related taxes and is chargeable on the profit gained from selling a property.
Whether you’re a property investor or an owner just simply looking to sell your current home to purchase your dream home, it’s important to be aware of all costs associated with a real estate transaction.
It’s not always easy though! Our Government likes to keep things relevant and current.
RPGT rates in Malaysia were adjusted several times over the past few years, with the most recent changes announced as part of Budget 2022. There’s no time to stand still when it comes to RPGT in Malaysia it seems!
Don’t worry. We’ve got your back. Here’s a walkthrough of RPGT through the years, and what you need to know today.

RPGT Act Through The Years (1976 – 2022)

RPGT is a tax on profit. That means it is payable by the seller of a property when the resale price is higher than the purchase price.
The act was first introduced in 1976 under Real Property Gains Tax Act 1976 as a way for the government to limit property speculation and prevent a potential bubble.

PropertyGuru Tip

Property speculation occurs when investors ‘speculate’ to earn huge profits by buying low, and selling high – making a large return on their investment

Beyond this, RPGT Malaysia is a significant source of revenue for the government, with the earnings used for national development. As such, rates fluctuate depending on the economic needs of the country.
Although introduced in 1976, it took nearly two decades for RPGT Act to be implemented.
Since then, the RPGT Act has gone through several changes, with the government even suspending it temporarily between 2007 and 2009, then reintroducing it again in 2010.
In 2021, the Malaysian government announced an update to the RPGT Act in Budget 2022, which introduced a new change to RPGT by abolishing the 5% RPGT from the sixth year onwards for individuals who are Malaysian citizens and permanent residents.
Here’s a chart of the newly imposed RPGT rates effective 1st January 2022:

pgmy-social-media-rpgt-en

Who Pays RPGT?

Whether you’re a Malaysian citizen or foreign resident, RPGT applies to you as long as you’ve made a profit gain from selling your properties in Malaysia.
However, it’s important to note that the government provides a tax relief when there’s no profit made at all (selling price is equal to the original purchase price), or when a person suffers a loss from the property sold (selling price is lower than the original purchase price).

1) Malaysian Citizens & Permanent Residents

Malaysian citizens and/or permanent residents who sell their property within the first five years of acquiring it will be subject to RPGT.

Period of Ownership

RPGT Rate

0-3 years

30%

3-4 years

20%

4-5 years

15%

5+ years

0%

2) Foreigners & Non-Citizens

Foreigners will be charged a rate of 10% RPGT when they sell their property, five years or more after purchasing it.
Before that? Things get pricey! It’s 30% RPGT within the first five years.

Period of Ownership

RPGT Rate

0-5 years

30%

5+ years

10%

3) Companies

RPGT is also imposed on the disposal of shares in companies when 75% of its tangible assets involves real estate.
Here’s a look at the rates:

Period of Ownership

RPGT Rate

0-3 years

30%

3-4 years

20%

4-5 years

15%

5+ years

10%

What Are The RPGT Act Exemptions?

According to the RPGT Act, certain tax exemptions apply to profits on selling property:

RPGT Exemptions for Individuals 2022 & 2023

Exemption

Exemption amount

Who qualifies?

  • Once-in-a-lifetime exemption on any chargeable gain from the disposal of a private residence. The RPGT Act defines a private residence as a building or part of a building owned by an individual or occupied as a place of residence.
RM10,000 or 10% of the chargeable gain, whichever is greater.Malaysian citizens and permanent residents.
  • Exemption on gains when a property is transferred within the family, either between husband and wife, parent and child, or grandparent and grandchild. Transfer between siblings is excluded.
100% exemption on the chargeable gain.Malaysian citizens and permanent residents.
  • Exemption of RPGT for the disposal of low-cost residential homes of RM200,000 and below, in the 6th and subsequent years.
100% exemption on the chargeable gain.Malaysian citizens only.
what-is-rpgt3

What Is Allowable Loss?

You might also hear the term ‘allowable loss’ when it comes to RPGT. It’s important to understand what this is in relation to your potential tax bill.
Allowable loss can apply in circumstances where more than one property is sold by the same owner in the same tax year.
If you lose money on one sale by selling for lower than when you bought the property, you can then use that loss to offset any profit on another sale made.
So if you sell a property at RM20,000 loss, but then sell another at RM100,000 gain, your total taxable amount is RM80,000.
Good news, you made a profit though!
An allowable loss can be rolled over into coming tax years, meaning you can offset that poor sales performance against any profits you make on future property sales.
It’s not all bad news when it comes to tax!

What’s Allowable Expenses then?

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It’s not just loss of profit from the sale that you can offset your tax bill, you’ll be delighted to know you’re also allowed some expenses.
Allowable expenses basically means the money you’ve spent improving or maintaining a property to retain/increase its value. That’s things like:
  • Enhancement: Money you’ve spent on refurbishments, extensions, improvements work, etc. can all be offset against your sales profit. So if you spend RM20,000 adding an extension onto your landed property, that payment can be used to offset the taxable profit of your sale by RM20,000.
  • Preservation: The same goes for preservation! Say your landed property is a heritage building for example, and you want to keep it looking good. You spend RM40,000 on specialist wood treatment to stop it from decaying, so that RM40,000 can be offset against the taxable profit from your sale.
One thing worth noting – the tax people really like to see receipts. If you can’t prove with clear evidence that you spent the money, they’re not going to let you offset it.

How To Calculate RPGT Malaysia?

Calculating RPGT is a fairly simple process. To know the taxable amount, first calculate your chargeable gain, which is the difference between the purchase price and the sale price.
RPGT would then be calculated by multiplying your chargeable gain with the relevant RPGT rate.
Let’s bring this to life with an example:
  • Miss A purchased a property for RM500,000 three and a half years ago, and sold it for RM800,000.
  • Miss A’s chargeable gain would be RM300,000.
  • Miss A’s RPGT = RM300,000 X RPGT Rate (which is determined by the number of years she’s owned the property, as well as her citizenship status within Malaysia).
  • In this case that’s a 20% RPGT rate, so the tax is RM60,000
Here’s that same example represented in table format. Keep in mind that this table is simplified and disregards some of the miscellaneous costs that get involved in the process.

How to Calculate RPGT 2022

Malaysians & PR

Companies

Foreigners

AYear of Disposal444
BProperty Purchase PriceRM500,000RM500,000RM500,000
CProperty Sale PriceRM800,000RM800,000RM800,000
DNet Chargeable GainRM300,000RM300,000RM300,000
ERPGT Rate (see infographic above)20%20%30%
FRPGT PayableRM60,000RM60,000RM90,000
  • Property Sale Price – Property Purchase Price = Net Chargeable Gain
  • Net Chargeable Gain x RPGT Rate = RPGT Payable
Don’t forget that allowable expenses and allowable losses can offset some of the taxable gain from your sale! You don’t want to pay more than you have to.

How To Determine The Applicable Years?

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As you can tell, when you sell your property is a huge factor which can see your final RPGT payable differ by tens of thousands of Ringgit.
In our example above, if Miss A had sold off her property a year earlier, her RPGT rate would be 30% instead of 20%. Meaning, she would have had to pay an extra RM30,000!
It can be rather confusing to determine the number of years you have owned the property (in a tax sense).
The number of applicable years (holding period) starts from the date of the property’s Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA), and not the date of vacant possession.
It ends on the date of the property’s disposal or the date of the written agreement. Should there be no written agreement, the disposal date may be defined as the date of the final payment made.
Holding period aside, keep in mind that in Budget 2020, there was a change in base year from 1st January 2000 to 1st January 2013.
If you bought your house before this new base year, it reduces your chargeable gain by basing your property value on its value in 2013 instead. This value is determined by the Valuations and Property Services Department (JPPH).

When to pay for RPGT?

After disposal of your property, you are required to submit the RPGT return within 60 days of the disposal date.
Make sure you don’t take longer than 60 days to file your RPGT too! For late payments, the consequence is an additional 10% penalty on top of everything else!

How To File Your RPGT?

Most people typically file their RPGT through lawyers, but if you’d like to handle the process yourself, this is what you need to know:
  • Fill out the Disposal of Real Property (CKHT 1A) form, the Sale and Purchase Agreement (SPA) form, and other documents supporting the deductions you plan to make from RPGT.
  • If you plan to apply for exemptions under the RPGT Act, then make sure to fill out the Notification under Section 27 in the RPGTA 1976 (CKHT 3) form.
  • Don’t forget to have your buyer to fill out the Acquisition of Real Property (CKHT 4) form that comes along with a copy of the Sale and Purchase Agreement.
  • Finally, submit all forms and supporting documents to the nearest IRB (LHDN) branch within 60 days of the sale.
All forms are available at any IRB (LHDN) branch, or can be downloaded from IRB’s website.
what-is-rpgt4
After the submission of all documentation, the only thing left to do is to conduct the sale.
As part of the process, your lawyers will retain 3% of the selling price, which is sent to the IRB within 60 days of the sale. Any excess funds will automatically be refunded to you by the IRB.
Finally, ensure you don’t take longer than 60 days to file your RPGT or you are likely to end up with an additional 10% penalty on top of everything else!

Pros And Cons Of RPGT Changes

Nobody loves paying tax, but it is an important part of a functioning country. And we all like that at least!
So what are the pros and cons of the recent RPGT changes in Budget 2019, Budget 2020, and Budget 2022?
Budget 2019 RPGT Change – 5% tax after five years for Malaysians and Permanent Residents

Pros

Cons

  • Raises more money for national spending from tax
  • May help reduce speculation (although property speculation is usually a short-term gain)
  • More tax! It means you have to pay 5% tax on profits of your sale
  • May slow down the housing market long-term
  • Can result in transfer of costs from seller to buyer with adjusted house prices
Budget 2019 RPGT Change – 5% tax after five years for Malaysians and Permanent Residents

Pros

Cons

  • Increases tax intake
  • Can help tackle property speculation
  • May reduce foreign investment in the property market
  • Could have long-term impact of slowing down property market
Budget 2019 RPGT Change – no RPGT on properties below RM200,000 sold after five years

Pros

Cons

  • Helps out low-income sellers
  • Provides a benefit to the important affordable homes area of the market
  • Reduces tax intake
Budget 2020 RPGT Change – change of base year to 1 January 2013

Pros

Cons

  • Reduces potential taxable profit for homeowners who purchased a home before this date
  • Reduces tax intake
Budget 2022 RPGT Change – Removed the 5% RPGT for properties held for more than five years by Malaysian citizens and permanent residents, effective 1st January 2022

Pros

Cons

  • Malaysian citizens and permanent residents will no longer have to pay RPGT when selling their property on the sixth year onwards
  • Reduces tax intake

Relevant Guides:

Disclaimer: The information is provided for general information only. PropertyGuru International (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd makes no representations or warranties in relation to the information, including but not limited to any representation or warranty as to the fitness for any particular purpose of the information to the fullest extent permitted by law. While every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided in this article is accurate, reliable, and complete as of the time of writing, the information provided in this article should not be relied upon to make any financial, investment, real estate or legal decisions. Additionally, the information should not substitute advice from a trained professional who can take into account your personal facts and circumstances, and we accept no liability if you use the information to form decisions.

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